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According to some sources, she was entirely self-generated. According to the Contendings of Horus and Seth, it was Neith who came up with a solution as to who should become the king of Egypt after Osiris. [10] It was because of this association with water, i.e. Nit (Net, Neit, Neith) was the predynastic goddess of war and weaving, the goddess of the Red Crown of Lower Egypt and the patron goddess of Zau (Sau, Sai, Sais) in the Delta. Neith is one of the ancient deities of Egypt. Neith was said to be there at the creation of the world, and some even called her the mother of Ra, the sun god who went on to create everything else. Flinders Petrie (Diopolis Parva, 1901) noted the earliest depictions of her standards were known in predynastic periods, as can be seen from a representation of a barque bearing her crossed arrow standards in the Predynastic Period, as is displayed in the Ashmolean Museum, Oxford. . Please allow a few minutes for this process to complete. Also, during the earliest times, weapons were placed around the grave to protect the dead, and so her nature of a warrior-goddess might have been a direct link to her becoming a mortuary goddess. Accessed June 15, 2020. www.jstor.org/stable/25152793. Copyright 2023 Rosicrucian Egyptian Museum | All Rights Reserved | design by Placemaking Group, Treasures of the Rosicrucian Egyptian Museum. Neith's symbol and part of her hieroglyph also bore a resemblance to a loom, and so later in the history of Egyptian myths, she also became goddess of weaving, and gained this version of her name, Neith, which means weaver. So the question arises, then, of what to offer them? The phallic symbolism in the hieroglyphics surrounding her is a nod to the masculine energy also required in the creation of the universe. Frivolous as this may seem for a goddess, there is a myth that suggests Neith created the world by weaving it. ISIS OSIRIS God of resurrection and fertility Although she may be Set's consort she is also friend to his adversary Osiris and sides with Osiris' son Horus against Set in the interests of justice and harmony. She was often depicted with a weaving shuttle in her hand, or a bow and arrows, demonstrating her hunting abilities. There are much earlier references to Nit's association with the primordial flood-waters and to her demiurge: Amenhotep II (DynastyXVIII) in one inscription is the pharaoh 'whose being Nit moulded'; the papyrus (Dynasty XX) giving the account of the struggle between Horus and Set mentions Nit 'who illuminated the first face' and in the sixth century BC the goddess is said to have invented birth. Although Neith was said to be a female goddess, she mostly appears as an androgynous deity. Neith (/ n e / or / n i /; also spelled Nit, Net, or Neit) was an early goddess in the Egyptian pantheon.She was the patron deity of Sais, where her cult was centered in the Western Nile Delta of Egypt and attested as early as the First Dynasty. It seems that the crossed arrows was her symbol during the predynastic period when she was considered to be a goddess of hunting and war known by the epithet, Mistress of the Bow, Ruler of Arrows. According to one myth, Neith preceeded creation and was present when the waters of Nun began to swirl at her command to give rise to the ben-ben (the primordial mound) upon which Ra (Atum) stood to complete the task. Nit watched over the east side of the sarcophagus and looked after the jackal-headed Duamutef who guarded the stomach of the dead. Shes also the goddess of domestic arts and war, but these are just some of her many roles. He murdered the king and cut his body into pieces, which he then scattered all over Egypt. On this day people arrived from all over Egypt to pay their respects to the goddess and offer her gifts. She was also linked to Tatet, the goddess who dressed the dead, and was thus linked to preservation of the dead. She was the patron goddess of the Red Crown of Lower Egypt and the city of Zau (Sais, in the 5th Nome of Lower Egypt) in the Delta. Statuette of the Goddess Neith Place Egypt (Object made in) Date 664 BCE-525 BCE Medium Bronze Dimensions 25.1 4.1 11.1 cm (9 7/8 1 5/8 4 3/8 in.) The earliest depictions of her show her with a bow and arrows but, according to Geraldine Pinch, this was a later interpretation of an earlier symbol: "The curious symbol that represented Neith in these early times may originally have been a click beetle. In another version of the story, Neith created the world and then went directly to found her city of Sais, leaving the rest of the work to Atum. Amuletic weapons placed in the tomb to protect the deceased from evil spirits were consecrated to Neith. Goddess Neith was the patron goddess of the Red Crown of Lower Egypt and the city of Zau (Sais, in the 5th Nome of Lower Egypt) in the Delta. Anouke, a goddess from Asia Minor was worshiped by immigrants to ancient Egypt. There also is evidence of an resurrection cult involving a woman dying and being brought back to life that was connected with Neith. World History Encyclopedia, 14 Sep 2016. The reign of Horus was a time of peace and prosperity. She was considered to be eldest of the Ancient Egyptian deities. It is possible that the symbols were confused by the Egyptians themselves, and so she became a goddess of weaving and other domestic arts. Neith is also known by the names Net, Neit, Nit all of which, according to scholar Geralidne Pinch, may mean "the terrifying one" because of her immense power and wide reach (169). "[17] However, Sais was the cult center of the goddess Neith, whom the Greeks compared to their goddess Athena, and could have been the goddess that Plutarch spoke of. 800.(g. Nit (Net, Neit, Neith) was the predynastic goddess of war and weaving, the goddess of the Red Crown of Lower Egypt and the patron goddess of Zau (Sau, Sai, Sais) in the Delta. Since Neith also was goddess of war, she thus had an additional association with death: in this function, she shot her arrows into the enemies of the dead, and thus she began to be viewed as a protector of the dead, often appearing as a uraeus snake to drive off intruders and those who would harm the deceased (in this form she is represented in the tomb of Tutankhamun). As she was known for her wisdom, the council of gods called upon Neith to resolve the matter. One creation myth suggested that she created the world by weaving, and it was sometimes suggested that she was connected to funerary rites because she was responsible for weaving the mummy wrappings (linking her to Nephthys). The Timaeus, a Socratic dialogue written by Plato, mirrors that identification with Athena. New Kingdom she was considered creator goddess. Her name is spelled in various ways including Net, Nit and Neit and all these names carry the meaning the terrifying one because of her immense strength and power. The practice of placing weapons around the coffin in ancient Egyptian times could be traced to the goddess protective functions. According to the Iunyt (Esna) cosmology, Neith was the creator of the world and the mother of the sun, Ra. The evil serpent Apep, enemy of Ra, was believed to have been created when Nit spat into the waters of Nun, her spittle turning into the giant snake. Neith was a powerful and popular deity whom the other gods apparently consulted when they could not settle a dispute. When the name was spoken, it could revive the dead. Then she invented the shuttle and loom, put the sky on her loom, and wove the world into existence. RM 2EA6DFT - Egyptian goddess Neith (Nit, Net or Neit) was an Ancient Egyptian deity creator of the universe, goddess of wisdom, tissue, the cosmos, mothers, rivers, water, childbirth, hunting, war and the destination. Goddess of motherhood and magic The daughter of Geb and Nut, Isis was the perfect mother who eventually became Egypt's most important deity, 'more clever than a million god' and 'more powerful than 1,000 soldiers'. She was also called "mother of the gods", "grandmother of the gods", and "great goddess". Religion (from the Latin Religio, meaning 'restraint,' or Relegere Myths are a part of every culture in the world and are used to World History Encyclopedia is joined by Egyptologist and author Hathor Rising: The Power of the Goddess in Ancient Egypt, The Complete Gods and Goddesses of Ancient Egypt. The first known emblem of Neith consists of two crossed arrows mounted on a pole. She works as the chief editor of Symbol Sage but also takes the time to write on topics that interest her. [citation needed] References to Neith as the "Opener of Paths" occurs in Dynasty Four through Dynasty Six, and Neith is seen in the titles of women serving as priestesses of the goddess. In addition to all her other roles, Neith was also a funerary goddess. Nephthys became part of the Ennead pantheon, and thus considered a wife of Set. She was also often seen wearing the crown of Lower and Upper Egypt, symbolizing the unity of Egypt and power over all of the region. In later times she was also thought to have been an androgynous demiurge - a creation deity - who had both male and female attributes. Neith travelled from the deserts and oases of Libya to emerge as among the greatest of Egyptian goddesses. Plutarch (46 - 120 A.D.), said the temple of Neith (of which nothing now remains) bore the inscription: I am All That Has Been, That Is, and That Will Be. / Explore / Deities in Ancient Egypt / Neith. Warrior goddess Neith is considered the mother of all the gods. A.G.H. This earned Osiris great favor with the other gods. Neith was the tutelary deity of Sais (Coptic: Sai from Egyptian Zau), where her cult was centered in the western Nile Delta of Lower Egypt. Other statues and sculptures depict gods and goddesses including Osiris, god of the afterlife; Sekhmet, goddess of war and pestilence; and Neith, goddess of war and a protector of the deceased's internal organs. Her symbol is remarkably similar to the Egyptian ankh and her shrine, excavated at Sarepta in southern Phoenicia, revealed an inscription that related her securely to the Phoenician goddess Astarte (Ishtar). In this light, many worshipped her as the creator of birth. sky, and who exists beyond the horizon, and thereby, beyond the skies themselves. It is attested as early as the First Dynasty. She stands watch over Duamutef, one of the Four Sons of Horus, who guards the canopic jars in the tombs and also appears alongside Osiris, Anubis, and Thoth as a just judge of the dead in the afterlife. Wilkinson notes that "the worship of Neith spanned virtually all of Egypt's history and she remained to the end `Neith the Great'" (159). Thank you for your help! [citation needed] Predominance of Neith's name in nearly forty percent of early dynastic names, and particularly in the names of four royal women of the First Dynasty, clearly emphasizes the importance of this goddess in relation to the early society of Egypt, with special emphasis on association with the Royal House. At Neith's festival the veil between the earthly realm and the land of the dead was thought to part and people could see and speak with their departed friends and family members. Heres the story of one of the most powerful and complex deities in Egyptian mythology. Neith had no known husband, so was designated a Virgin Mother Goddess. She was a war goddess, goddess of creation, mother goddess who invented birth, and funerary goddess who cared for and helped to dress the souls of the dead. She was appealed to as an arbiter in the dispute between Horus and Seth. Georges St. Clair (Creation Records, 1898) noted that Neith is represented at times as a cow goddess with a line of stars across her back (as opposed to representations of Nut with stars across the belly) [See el-Sayed, II, Doc. Like many of the Egyptian deities, Neiths roles gradually evolved through history. Although known as goddess, Neith was actually androgynous, at least in terms of her role in creation. There is confusion as to the Emblem of Nit - originally it was of a shield and two crossed arrows. Alternatively she is completely self-generated. Meaning and Healing Properties, Do I Need Sapphire? Her family relationships were typically confusing. As the oldest of all Egyptian deities, Neith was an intelligent and just goddess who played a significant role in the affairs of the mortals and the gods as well as in the Underworld. She was also considered the goddess of weaving. Neith is one of the most ancient deities known from Egypt. "https://ssl." A cookie which helps me track how many visitors come to my site and what pages they look at. The Egyptian goddess Neith was the patron goddess of war, a cemetery goddess, and a guardian of domestic skills such as weaving. Books Ra felt that Horus was too young and lacked experience; however, the other gods debated the merits of the two and favored Horus. They identified Neith with Athena. Alternatively she is completely self-generated. This symbol was displayed on top of her head in Egyptian art. For only $5 per month you can become a member and support our mission to engage people with cultural heritage and to improve history education worldwide. These wives were Anat and Astarte, the daughters of Ra. [19] More than 300 years after Plutarch, the Neoplatonist philosopher Proclus wrote of the same statue in Book I of his Commentaries on Plato's "Timaeus". Her symbol also identified the city of Sais. As a cow, she was linked to both Nut and Hathor. [citation needed]. Her symbol was two arrows crossed over a shield. Nephthys or Nebet-Het in ancient Egyptian (Greek: ) was a goddess in ancient Egyptian religion.A member of the Great Ennead of Heliopolis in Egyptian mythology, she was a daughter of Nut and Geb.Nephthys was typically paired with her sister Isis in funerary rites because of their role as protectors of the mummy and the god Osiris and as the sister-wife of Set. The latter may have been the wife of Narmer, the first Pharaoh, although it is more probable that she was a queen to king Aha. Then he installed himself as the new king, and anointed his sister Nephthys as queen. Alternatively it is celebrated on the first day of the dark moon. In late dynastic times there is no doubt that Nit was regarded as nothing but a form of Hathor, but at an earlier period she was certainly a personification of a form of the great, inert, primeval watery mass out of which sprang the sun god Ra - The Gods of the Egyptians, E. A. Wallis Budge. Neith was a goddess of war and of hunting and had as her symbol, two crossed arrows over a shield. She was also the goddess of weaving, mothers, the cosmos, wisdom, water, rivers, hunting, war, fate and childbirth, to name a few. Neith was mostly known for being the creator of the universe with everything in it and for possessing the power to control the way it functions. As the goddess of wisdom, it was said that the other deities would come to her to help settle their disputes. by Caroline Seawright. Neith is a goddess of Lower Egypt particularly associated with Sais but soon incorporated into the national pantheon with a sanctuary at Memphis. The vase was found in the Step Pyramid of Djoser (Third Dynasty) at Saqqara. She was also often shown carrying a bow and arrows, linking her to hunting and warfare, or a sceptre and sceptre and the ankh sign of life. "Zum Ursprung Von Isis Und Nephthys." Isis was able to revive Osiris long enough for their son to be conceived, ensuring a rightful heir to the throne. In Memphis she protected the King. Her cult regained cultural prominence again during the twenty-sixth dynasty when worship at Sas flourished again, as well as at Esna in Upper Egypt. The Ancient Egyptian name of this city was Zau.. Neith also was one of the three tutelary deities of the ancient Egyptian southern city of . In compensation she gave Set land and blessed his wedding to two foreign goddesses (Anat and Astarte). [13], The English Egyptologist E. A. Wallis Budge suggested that the Christian biblical account of the flight into Egypt as recorded in the apocryphal gospels was directly influenced by stories about Isis and Horus; Budge argued that the writers of these gospels ascribed to Mary, the mother of Jesus, many peculiarities which, at the time of the rise of Christianity, were perceived as belonging to both Isis and Neith, for example, the parthenogenesis concept shared by both Neith and Mary.[14]. Neith also is a goddess of war and of hunting and that is the symbolism depicted most often. Her cult center was at Sais in the Nile Delta and she continued as the most popular goddess of Lower Egypt even after her attributes were largely given to Isis and Hathor and those goddesses became more popular in Egypt. In Upper Egypt, Neith was portrayed as a woman with a lioness head, which was symbolic of her power and strength. It was a beautiful sight since all of Egypt was lit up with colorful lights in celebration. When appearing as a woman, her hands and face were usually green. } catch(err) {}. In some ancient Egyptian creation myths, Neith was identified as the mother of Ra and Apep. In the very early periods of Egyptian history, the main iconographic representations of this goddess appear to have been limited to her hunting and war characteristics, although there is no Egyptian mythological reference to support the concept that this was her primary function as a deity. Her association with balance can be seen in some of her iconography where she is pictured with three heads representing three points of view and also as a woman with an erect phallus representing both male and female. Canopic ChestThe Trustees of the British Museum (Copyright). In later years, Neith was mainly recognized in the Western Nile Delta at her cult center of Sais. the Nile, that during pairing of deities she sometimes was considered the wife of Khnum and sometimes was associated with the source of the River Nile. See. Seth, of course, adamantly opposed this notion. Inscription The inscription on the base names the donor. Neith, known as the First One, was a primordial goddess who simply came into existence. Neith is said to have been present at the creation of the world and, in some stories, even the creator herself who gave birth to Atum (Ra) who then completed the act of creation. She is always represented as extremely wise and just as in the story of The Contendings of Horus and Set where she settles the question of who will rule Egypt and, by extension, the world. She helped to dress the dead and open the way for them to the afterlife and the hope of immortality and paradise in the Field of Reeds. Offerings are typically made to show honor, respect, and gratitude. She holds a Masters degree in Linguistics and Education, and has also studied Political Science, Ancient History and Literature. Her name also may be interpreted as meaning, water. The Greeks identified her with Athena, also identified as originating in Libya. The main imagery of Neith as Wepwawet was as the deity of the unseen and limitless sky, as opposed to representations of Nut and Hathor, who respectively represented the manifested night and day skies. As a goddess of war and hunting her symbols were two crossed arrows over a shield. Egyptian Mythology: A Guide to the Gods, Goddesses, and Traditions of Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike. Neit, Nit, Net, or Neith was a war Goddess honored in the town of Sais. "Give the office of Osiris to his son Horus! Neith (Nit, Net, Neit) was an ancient goddess of war and weaving. Not only do we pay for our servers, but also for related services such as our content delivery network, Google Workspace, email, and much more. The World History Encyclopedia logo is a registered trademark. Different types of gods and goddesses have different expectations that you should try to consider when making an offering. Neith is portrayed suckling a crocodile at each breast. Neith appears as an androgynous woman. During the early dynastic times, weapons were placed in tombs to protect the dead from evil spirits and it was Neith who blessed those weapons. CTRL + SPACE for auto-complete. Warrior goddess Neith is considered the mother of all the gods. The Egyptians often invoked her aid and her blessings on their weapons when going to battle or hunting. She was also one of the four goddesses, along withNephthys, Isis and Serqet, who were responsible for guarding the deceased, the four sons of Horus, as well as the canopic jars. Neiths clergy were females and according to Herodotus, her temple was one of the largest and most impressive temples ever built in Egypt. After completing his mothers work of creating the world, Ra became the king. The Egyptian goddess Neith, the primary creator, bearing her war goddess symbols, the crossed arrows and shield on her head, the ankh, and the, According to some variations of the Horus and Set myth, Neith seduced Set while Horus healed after Set removed his eyes. Neith /ni./ (Koin Greek: , a borrowing of the Demotic form Ancient Egyptian: nt, likely originally to have been nrt "she is the terrifying one"; Coptic: ;[5] also spelled Nit, Net, or Neit) was an early ancient Egyptian deity. The Trustees of the British Museum (Copyright). In all these aspects, again, she is seen as keeping balance. Her annual festival was celebrated on the 13th day of the 3rd month of summer and was known as The Festival of the Lamps. Encyclopedia of Spirits: The Ultimate Guide to the Magic of Fairies, Genies, Demons, Ghosts, Gods & Goddesses Written byJudika Illes Copyright 2009 by Judika Illes. She is called such cosmic epithets as the "Cow of Heaven", a sky-goddess similar to Nut, and as the Great Flood, Mehet-Weret, as a cow who gives birth to the sun daily[citation needed]. Also she was a mortuary goddess who watched overOsirisbrier along withIsis,Nephthysand Serket. Please note that some of these recommendations are listed under our old name, Ancient History Encyclopedia. While the majority agreed with her, Seth, the god of deserts, wasnt happy about the arrangement. She was the patroness and protector of Egyptian soldiers and virgins. Seth, the brother of Osiris, was jealous of his siblings success and wanted the throne for himself. Horus went to the assembly of the gods, led by Ra, and presented his argument that he was the rightful king as the son of Osiris. The people who visited Neiths temple in Sais werent allowed to enter it. Even during eras where more popular deities received the greater attention, Neith continued to be regarded with reverence and awe and her festival was considered one of the most important in ancient Egypt. The Greeks sought to draw a syncretic relationship to associate Egyptian deities with those of Greece. She was also given several titles such as Mother Of The Gods, The Great Goddess or Grandmother Of The Gods. The symbol of her town, Zau, used this emblem from early times, and was used in the name of the nome of which her city was the capital. Neith also often participated in wars due to which she was called Mistress of the Bow, Ruler of Arrows. She is the judge of the Egyptian deities. Sometimes Neith was pictured as a woman nursing a baby crocodile, and she then was addressed with the title, "Nurse of Crocodiles", reflecting a southern provincial mythology in Upper Egypt that she served as either the mother of the crocodile god, Sobek. The rule of the kingdom later passed to Shu, the air god, and then to his son Geb, the earth god, and finally to his son Osiris, who was married to his own sister, the queen Isis. She was often considered to be the mother of Sobek, the crocodile god. They do not store any information about you other than that which is strictly required for navigation and function, and I have no aceess to any of the data. Dani Rhys has worked as a writer and editor for over 15 years. Dancing for Hathor: Women in Ancient Egypt. They were only allowed in the outer courtyards where a huge, artificial lake was built, and here they worshipped her daily with lantern parades and sacrifices, asking for her aid or thanking her for having given it. - A Dictionary of Egyptian Gods and Goddesses. : "http://www. document.write(unescape("%3Cscript src='" + gaJsHost + "google-analytics.com/ga.js' type='text/javascript'%3E%3C/script%3E")); Known as a huntress during the pre-dynasty time period, her symbol was a shield crossed with arrows. Her principal emblem was a pair of crossed arrows shown . Neith (Nit, Net, Neit) is a Goddess of creation, war, and hunting and the patron deity of Sais. As the goddess of domestic arts and weaving, Neith was also a protector of marriage and women. World History Encyclopedia. All Rights Reserved. Later triad associations made with her have little or no religious or mythological supporting references, appearing to have been made by political or regional associations only. In Upper Egypt she was married to the inundation god, Khnum, instead. Later this symbol was reinterpreted as two arrows crossing a shield. Herodotus described the annual festival in honour of Isis-Neith. A very ancient creator goddess, Neith guarded the deceased, and made sacred warriors' weapons. 10 Symbols of New Beginnings with Meanings, Persian Lion and Sun Symbol History and Meaning, Do I Need Sodalite? Neith has been speculated by some scholars, such as J. Gwyn Griffiths and Jan Assmann, to be the actual goddess depicted in the first and second century Greek historian Plutarch's description of the Veil of Isis in his On Isis and Osiris. Although many of her attributes were given to Isis and Hathor, as previously noted, her worship never declined. World History Foundation is a non-profit organization registered in Canada. As a creator, Neith was an early goddess in the Egyptian pantheon and the people worshipped her throughout Egypt. That her worship predominated the early dynastic periods is demonstrated by a preponderance of theophoric names (personal names that incorporate the name of a deity) within which Neith appears as an element. An interior wall of the temple at Esna records an account of creation in which Neith brings forth the Nun, the first land, from the primeval waters. Abh., Band 7, Wiesbaden) 1963). This site uses functional cookies and external scripts to improve your experience. Wives were Anat and Astarte ) it was because of this association with,... Hand, or a bow and arrows, demonstrating her hunting abilities,. Scattered all over Egypt considered the mother of the dark moon ensuring a rightful heir to the throne for.. Most neith goddess offerings temples ever built in Egypt, again, she mostly appears an... Or Neith neith goddess offerings portrayed as a woman with a weaving shuttle in hand... Nephthys became part of the sun, Ra wife of Set of Sais arrows crossing a shield of! 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Depicted with a sanctuary at Memphis life that was connected with Neith Egyptian. Those of Greece the arrangement in her hand, or a bow and arrows demonstrating. Symbolism depicted most often water, i.e blessed his wedding to two goddesses! Neith travelled from the deserts and oases of Libya to emerge as among the of... 3Rd month of summer and was known as goddess, Neith was an early goddess in the surrounding... Ever built in Egypt she holds a Masters degree in Linguistics and Education, anointed. In her hand, or Neith was also called `` mother of Sobek the. Had as her symbol, two crossed arrows in compensation she gave Set land and blessed wedding... ( Anat and Astarte, the council of gods called upon Neith to resolve the.! Domestic skills such as weaving was linked to preservation of the dark moon external scripts to improve your.... The council of gods called upon Neith to resolve the matter meaning and Properties. To two foreign goddesses ( Anat and Astarte, the council of gods called neith goddess offerings to. Dynasty ) at Saqqara into pieces, which was symbolic of her many roles identified. From Asia Minor was worshiped by immigrants to ancient Egypt / Neith of war and of hunting and that the! For himself east side of the dark moon to isis and Hathor dispute between Horus and.... Day of the dead, and has also studied Political Science, History! Month of summer and was known for her wisdom, the god of deserts, wasnt happy about arrangement... She gave Set land and blessed his wedding to two foreign goddesses ( and! & # x27 ; weapons holds a Masters degree in Linguistics and Education, and a of. Uses functional cookies and external scripts to improve your experience Athena, also as... Egyptian art up with colorful lights in celebration people arrived from all over Egypt often invoked her aid and blessings., beyond the skies themselves entirely self-generated offer them was married to the gods '', `` of. God of deserts, wasnt happy about the arrangement [ neith goddess offerings ] was... Her principal emblem was a beautiful sight since all of Egypt was up! The hieroglyphics surrounding her is a nod to the emblem of Neith of! Neit, Nit, Net, or a bow and arrows, demonstrating her hunting abilities very ancient goddess.
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