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[46] The Khazars, who were of Turkic origin, ruled the steppes between the Caucasus in the south, to the east past the Volga river basin, and west as far as Kyiv on the Dnieper river until the 10th century. Cyberwarfare and airspace violations, along with electoral interference, have been used to increase perceptions of Russian power. Over the course of centuries, the vocabulary and literary style of Russian have also been influenced by Western and Central European languages such as Greek, Latin, Polish, Dutch, German, French, Italian, and English,[36] and to a lesser extent the languages to the south and the east: Uralic, Turkic,[37][38] Persian,[39][40] Arabic, and Hebrew. A Russian missile strike on an apartment building in Dnipro in central Ukraine has left at least 40 people dead, making it one of the deadliest single attacks of the war. [51] 28% of the population was fluent in Russian in 2006, and 7% used it as the main language with family, friends or at work. [607], Russia's national non-alcoholic drink is kvass,[608] and the national alcoholic drink is vodka; its creation in the nation dates back to the 14th century. [525][526] Ivan Aivazovsky, another Romantic painter, is considered one of the greatest masters of marine art. [citation needed]. Ivan Goncharov is remembered mainly for his novel Oblomov. [51] 26% of the population was fluent in Russian in 2006, and 5% used it as the main language with family, friends, or at work.[52]. [569] Then came Ivan Turgenev, who mastered both short stories and novels. Jan 17 (Reuters) - President Vladimir Putin said on Tuesday that the Russian economy was likely to have shrunk by 2.5% in 2022, but that it was performing better than most experts had predicted. Summers can be quite hot, even in Siberia. [37] Remnants of these steppe civilizations were discovered in places such as Ipatovo,[37] Sintashta,[38] Arkaim,[39] and Pazyryk,[40] which bear the earliest known traces of horses in warfare. [395] Oleg Losev made crucial contributions in the field of semiconductor junctions, and discovered light-emitting diodes. WebRussian (Russian: , transliteration: russkiy yaz'ik) is a Slavic language.It is the main language spoken in Russia.It is also spoken by many people in other parts of the former Soviet Union, such as in Ukraine, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Latvia, Lithuania, Turkmenistan and Estonia.. Russian, like other [180], In 1999, president Yeltsin unexpectedly resigned, handing the post to the recently appointed prime minister and his chosen successor, Vladimir Putin. [158] Prior to 1991, the Soviet economy was the world's second-largest, but during its final years, it went into a crisis. Under the laws of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Russian language is not offered any status in terms of official language. "iconv" is an example that is supported by most versions of Linux, Macintosh and some other operating systems; but converters are rarely needed unless accessing texts created more than a few years ago. As Russia's invasion of Ukraine enters its 11th month, US and Ukrainian officials tell CNN that Russia's artillery fire is down dramatically from its wartime high, in some places by as much as 75%. [548], Soviet and Russian conservatories have turned out generations of world-renowned soloists. [42] In late 8th century BCE, Ancient Greek traders brought classical civilization to the trade emporiums in Tanais and Phanagoria. [75], Under Peter the Great, Russia was proclaimed an empire in 1721, and established itself as one of the European great powers. [495], Russian culture has been formed by the nation's history, its geographical location and its vast expanse, religious and social traditions, and Western influence. . [503] In 1969, Vladimir Motyl's White Sun of the Desert was released, a very popular film in a genre of ostern; the film is traditionally watched by cosmonauts before any trip into space. [433] In 2019, the total fertility rate across Russia was estimated to be 1.5 children born per woman,[434] which is below the replacement rate of 2.1, and is one of the world's lowest fertility rates. .: , 1990. Russian developed under a strong influence of Church Slavonic until the close of the 17thcentury; afterward the influence reversed, leading to corruption of liturgical texts. On the territories of modern Belarus and Ukraine emerged Ruthenian and in modern Russia medieval Russian. However, with the Russian Revolution in 1917, Russia's monarchic rule was abolished and replaced by the Russian SFSRthe world's first constitutionally socialist state. Its leading figure was Maxim Gorky, who laid the foundations of this style. Russia's vast coastline along the Arctic Ocean and the Russian Arctic islands have a polar climate. [429], Russia is one of the world's most sparsely populated and urbanised countries,[7] with the vast majority of its population concentrated within its western part. [129]:7, Eventually, some 5 million Red Army troops were captured by the Nazis;[130]:272 the latter deliberately starved to death or otherwise killed 3.3million Soviet POWs, and a vast number of civilians, as the "Hunger Plan" sought to fulfill Generalplan Ost. [43] This occurred in spite of the fact that Saint Petersburg, the Western-oriented capital created by the "Westernizing" Tsar Peter the Great, being the capital of the Russian Empire for over 200 years. [528] The turn of the 20th century saw the rise of symbolism; represented by Mikhail Vrubel and Nicholas Roerich. Emergency personnel work at the site where an apartment block was heavily damaged by a Russian missile strike, amid Russia's attack on Ukraine, in Dnipro, Ukraine January 15, 2023. [52] On September 5, 2017, Ukraine's Parliament passed a new education law which bars primary education to all students in any language but Ukrainian. The Russian perspective. [82], Russian is a rather homogeneous language, in dialectal variation, due to the early political centralization under Moscow's rule, compulsory education, mass migration from rural to urban areas in the 20th century, and other factors. [151], In 1957, the Soviet Union launched the world's first artificial satellite, Sputnik1, thus starting the Space Age. [209] It spans the northernmost edge of Eurasia; and has the world's fourth-longest coastline, of over 37,653km (23,396mi). [75] The Israeli press and websites regularly publish material in Russian and there are Russian newspapers, television stations, schools, and social media outlets based in the country. Will it work? [626] After the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the Russian cinema industry suffered large losseshowever, since the late 2000s, it has seen growth once again, and continues to expand. [377] The country's agricultural land is considered part of the "breadbasket" of Europe. [600] Beef Stroganoff,[601]:266 Chicken Kiev,[601]:320 pelmeni,[602] and shashlyk are popular meat dishes. Many Russian novels of the 19thcentury, e.g. Smetana (a heavy sour cream) and mayonnaise are often added to soups and salads. Russian artillery fire down 75% in some areas, US officials say, in latest sign of struggles for Moscow. [548] By the 1980s, rock music became popular across Russia, and produced bands such as Aria, Aquarium,[558] DDT,[559] and Kino;[560] the latter's leader Viktor Tsoi, was in particular, a gigantic figure. The name Russia is derived from Rus', a medieval state populated primarily by the East Slavs. South Africa is allowing Chinese and Russian warships to conduct naval exercises off its coast next month, raising concerns that the move could alienate trading partners. Greene, by Samuel A. and Graeme B. Robertson. "We also have to understand that it's extraordinarily threatening to Russia to have such a big military alliance that's armed to the teeth so close to the Russian border [editor's note: if NATO were to expand]." These have been fed by several waves of immigrants since the beginning of the 20th century, each with its own flavor of language. [j] In 1993, when the new constitution was adopted, there were 89 federal subjects listed, but some were later merged. South Africa is allowing Chinese and Russian warships to conduct naval exercises off its coast next month, raising concerns that the move could alienate trading partners. Together with Ukrainian and Belarusian, the Russian language makes up the eastern branch of the Slavic family of languages. [citation needed], Among the first to study Russian dialects was Lomonosov in the 18th century. During the conflict, Russian troops overran East Prussia, reaching Berlin. [427] Saint Petersburg, the Imperial capital, is famous for its classical architecture, cathedrals, museums and theatres, white nights, criss-crossing rivers and numerous canals. [97] The uprising was put down, but the government was forced to concede major reforms (Russian Constitution of 1906), including granting freedoms of speech and assembly, the legalisation of political parties, and the creation of an elected legislative body, the State Duma. [615] Television is the most popular medium in Russia. The Russian Genitive of Negation and Its Japanese Counterpart. [209] Russia is second only to Brazil by total renewable water resources. World-renowned composers of the 20th century include Alexander Scriabin, Alexander Glazunov,[545] Igor Stravinsky, Sergei Prokofiev and Dmitri Shostakovich, and later Edison Denisov, Sofia Gubaidulina,[548] Georgy Sviridov,[549] and Alfred Schnittke. [113] Following Lenin's death in 1924, a troika was designated to take charge. [153] Following the ousting of Khrushchev in 1964, another period of collective rule ensued, until Leonid Brezhnev became the leader. WebRussian is an East Slavic language of the wider Ino-European family. [51][72] Russian is spoken by 14.2% of the population according to an undated estimate from the World Factbook. The Russian invaders are preparing to defend the city of Enerhodar, Zaporizhzhia Oblast, by setting up barracks and ammunition storage points in the basements of residential buildings. Smorodinskaya, Tatiana, and Karen Evans-Romaine, eds. Russian was the language of 5.9% of all websites, slightly ahead of German and far behind English (54.7%). [102] In early 1917, Nicholas II was forced to abdicate; he and his family were imprisoned and later executed in Yekaterinburg during the Russian Civil War. Alexander Herzen is known as one of the fathers of agrarian populism. ", "PACE calls for an ad hoc international criminal tribunal to hold to account perpetrators of the crime of aggression against Ukraine", "Pluto: ten things we now know about the dwarf planet", The Arctic Institute Center for Circumpolar Security Studies, "Island hopping in Russia: Sakhalin, Kuril Islands and Kamchatka Peninsula", "Lake BaikalA Touchstone for Global Change and Rift Studies", "Russia's Largest Rivers From the Amur to the Volga", "Present and future Kppen-Geiger climate classification maps at 1-km resolution", "Putin urges authorities to take action as wildfires engulf Siberia", "Why Russia's thawing permafrost is a global problem", "Will Russia's Forests Be an Asset or an Obstacle in Climate Fight? [285], The Russian Armed Forces are divided into the Ground Forces, the Navy, and the Aerospace Forcesand there are also two independent arms of service: the Strategic Missile Troops and the Airborne Troops. [486] In 2019, the overall life expectancy in Russia at birth was 73.2 years (68.2 years for males and 78.0 years for females),[487] and it had a very low infant mortality rate (5 per 1,000 live births). [387], Mikhail Lomonosov proposed the conservation of mass in chemical reactions, discovered the atmosphere of Venus, and founded modern geology. Nakhimovsky quotes the Soviet academicians A.M Ivanov and L.P Yakubinsky, writing in 1930: The language of peasants has a motley diversity inherited from feudalism. On its way to becoming proletariat peasantry brings to the factory and the industrial plant their local peasant dialects with their phonetics, grammar and vocabulary the very process of recruiting workers from peasants and the mobility of worker population generate another process: the liquidation of peasant inheritance by way of leveling the particulars of local dialects. [18] This state is denoted as Kievan Rus' after its capital city by modern historiography. [566], After the Russian Revolution of 1917, Russian literature split into Soviet and white migr parts. Russian has six cases: Nominative (for the grammatical subject), Accusative (for direct objects), Dative (for indirect objects), Genitive (to indicate possession or relation), Instrumental (to indicate 'with' or 'by means of'), and Prepositional (used after the locative prepositions "in", "on", "about", "in the presence of"). ", "Russian forest sequesters substantially more carbon than previously reported", "Look Inside Russia's Wildest Nature ReservesNow Turning 100", "Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity Supplementary Material", "Asymmetric Federalism in Russia: Cure or Poison? [51] 55% of the population was fluent in Russian in 2006, and 26% used it as the main language with family, friends, or at work. [369] Greenhouse gas emissions by Russia are the world's fourth-largest. The Key Players In Russia's Dramatic October 1993 Showdown", "CHECHEN WAR REVEALS WEAKNESSES IN YELTSIN, RUSSIA'S NEW DEMOCRACY", Partnership for Peace Consortium of Defense Academies and Security Studies Institutes, "26 years on, Russia set to repay all Soviet Union's foreign debt", "Prospects for Russia's Economic Reforms", "A Case Study of a Currency Crisis: The Russian Default of 1998", "YELTSIN RESIGNS: THE OVERVIEW; Yeltsin Resigns, Naming Putin as Acting President To Run in March Election", "ELECTION IN RUSSIA: THE OVERVIEW; Putin Wins Russia Vote in First Round, But His Majority Is Less Than Expected", Annals of the Association of American Geographers, "As Expected, Putin Easily Wins a Second Term in Russia", "5 charts show Russia's economic highs and lows under Putin", "Putin ever present as Medvedev becomes president", "Post-Mortem on Europe's First War of the 21st Century", "Russia's Frozen Conflicts and the Donbas", "Russian forces launch full-scale invasion of Ukraine", "US orders 7,000 more troops to Europe following Russia's invasion of Ukraine", "UN votes to condemn Russia's invasion of Ukraine and calls for withdrawal", "The unprecedented American sanctions on Russia, explained", "The Russian Federation is excluded from the Council of Europe", "UN General Assembly votes to suspend Russia from the Human Rights Council", "Defiant Putin proclaims Ukrainian annexation as military setback looms", "European Parliament declares Russia to be a state sponsor of terrorism", "Statement by President von der Leyen on Russian accountability and the use of Russian frozen assets", "Ukraine: Commission presents options to make sure that Russia pays for its crimes", "EU Explores New Steps to Probe Russian Crimes, Use Frozen Assets", "Russia-Ukraine War: Top E.U. Russian is an East Slavic language of the wider Ino-European family. The yers and originally indicated the pronunciation of ultra-short or reduced //, //. For example, ('frost') is transliterated moroz, and ('mouse'), mysh or my'. [84][85] Consonants include a fricative //, a semivowel /wu/ and /xxvxw/, whereas the Standard and Northern dialects have the consonants //, /v/, and final /l/ and /f/, respectively. WebThe Russian Federation (Russia) is physically the largest country in the world, covering 6.6 million square miles and 11 time zones over its 6,000-mile length. Although most Russian colonists left after the United States bought the land in 1867, a handful stayed and preserved the Russian language in this region to this day, although only a few elderly speakers of this unique dialect are left. [citation needed]. [7] As of 2021[update], the military have around a million active-duty personnel, which is the world's fifth-largest, and about 220 million reserve personnel. [72], Russia continued its territorial growth through the 17th century, which was the age of the Cossacks. [473] It grants free education to its citizens by constitution. [236] Although in decline, the country still has many ecosystems which are still onsidered intact forest; mainly in the northern taiga areas, and the subarctic tundra of Siberia. The tsar promulgated a new code of laws (Sudebnik of 1550), established the first Russian feudal representative body (the Zemsky Sobor), revamped the military, curbed the influence of the clergy, and reorganised local government. Mike Myrianthis, a Greek oil industry veteran, believes that whoever bombed the Nord Stream 2 pipeline opened a can of worms. [43], In the 3rd to 4th centuries CE, the Gothic kingdom of Oium existed in southern Russia, which was later overrun by Huns. became more prominent in later history, and the country typically was called by its inhabitants "Rus land". Russian artillery fire down 75% in some areas, US officials say, in latest sign of struggles for Moscow. [71] The Romanov dynasty acceded to the throne in 1613 by the decision of the Zemsky Sobor, and the country started its gradual recovery from the crisis. [604] Salads include Olivier salad,[605] vinegret,[606] and dressed herring. [272] Russia wields influence across the geopolitically important South Caucasus and Central Asia; and the two regions have been described as Russia's "backyard". [245][i] Ministries of the government are composed of the premier and his deputies, ministers, and selected other individuals; all are appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister (whereas the appointment of the latter requires the consent of the State Duma). The Russian president this week hailed his 'prisoner army' with his spokesman declaring Russia 'must know - and knows - its heroes'. [566], The first great Russian novelist was Nikolai Gogol. [538] Under Alexander I, Empire style became the de facto architectural style. In fact, many expressions used by Russian writers of the early 19thcentury, in particular Pushkin, Mikhail Lermontov ( ), Nikolai Gogol ( ), Aleksander Griboyedov ( ), became proverbs or sayings which can be frequently found even in modern Russian colloquial speech. ", Association for Slavic, East European, and Eurasian Studies, Journal of the American Academy of Religion, "Leninism: What It Was and What It Was Not", "7 kinds of Russian bread you'll want to bite the crust off of", "When it comes to bread, Russians don't loaf", "Spotlight on Smetana: Russia's Sour Cream", "Understanding Russia's obsession with mayonnaise", "From sizzling shashlik to spicy seekh kebabs: barbecue recipes from around the world", "Russian Vinegret salad: Super-easy and super-traditional", "Map: Where the world's biggest vodka drinkers are", Obzor rossiyskogo rynka alkogol'noy produktsii. [513] Spring and Labor Day, originally a Soviet era holiday dedicated to workers, is celebrated on 1 May. Russian is still seen as an important language for children to learn in most of the former Soviet republics. Rossiyane ( ), Russian language term for all citizens and people of Russia, regardless of ethnicity. 1. However, Russian was the sixth-most used language on the top 1,000 sites, behind English, Chinese, French, German, and Japanese. [457][458] The amendments of 2020 to the constitution added, in the Article 67, the continuity of the Russian state in history based on preserving "the memory of the ancestors" and general "ideals and belief in God" which the ancestors conveyed. [474] The Ministry of Education of Russia is responsible for primary and secondary education, as well as vocational education; while the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia is responsible for science and higher education. [192] Russia steeply escalated the war by launching a full-scale invasion of Ukraine on 24 February 2022. [581] Nikolay Ostrovsky's novel How the Steel Was Tempered has been among the most successful works of Russian literature. [74] In the east, the rapid Russian exploration and colonisation of vast Siberia continued, hunting for valuable furs and ivory. Using a formula with V standing for the nucleus (vowel) and C for each consonant, the maximal structure can be described as follows: However, Russian has a constraint on syllabification such that syllables cannot span multiple morphemes. The hard consonants are often velarized, especially before front vowels, as in Irish and Marshallese. [421] In 2019, travel and tourism accounted for about 4.8% of country's total GDP. [51] The 2009 census states that 482,200 people speak Russian as a native language, or 8.99% of the population. [506] The large global Russian diaspora has also played a major role in spreading Russian culture throughout the world. [228] Climate change in Russia is causing more frequent wildfires,[229] and thawing the country's large expanse of permafrost. [213], Russia has nine major mountain ranges, and they are found along the southernmost regions, which share a significant portion of the Caucasus Mountains (containing Mount Elbrus, which at 5,642m (18,510ft) is the highest peak in Russia and Europe);[7] the Altai and Sayan Mountains in Siberia; and in the East Siberian Mountains and the Kamchatka Peninsula in the Russian Far East (containing Klyuchevskaya Sopka, which at 4,750m (15,584ft) is the highest active volcano in Eurasia). [584], Russian philosophy has been greatly influential. [105] In the aftermath of signing the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk that concluded hostilities with the Central Powers of World WarI; Bolshevist Russia surrendered most of its western territories, which hosted 34% of its population, 54% of its industries, 32% of its agricultural land, and roughly 90% of its coal mines. [49] The East Slavs gradually settled western Russia in two waves: one moving from Kiev towards present-day Suzdal and Murom and another from Polotsk towards Novgorod and Rostov. [47][108] Currently, the number of speakers of Russian in the world depends on the number of Russians in the world and total population in Russia. [391] Nine Soviet and Russian mathematicians have been awarded with the Fields Medal. .) [145] After becoming the world's second nuclear power,[146] the Soviet Union established the Warsaw Pact alliance,[147] and entered into a struggle for global dominance, known as the Cold War, with the rivaling United States and NATO. [518], There are many popular non-public holidays. [163] On 25 December 1991, following the dissolution of the Soviet Union, along with contemporary Russia, fourteen other post-Soviet states emerged. [547] The later tradition of Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky, one of the greatest composers of the Romantic era, was continued into the 20th century by Sergei Rachmaninoff, one of the last great representatives of Romanticism in Russian and European classical music. [270] Serbia has been a historically close ally of Russia, as both countries share a strong mutual cultural, ethnic, and religious affinity. The Russian perspective. In Georgia, Russian has no official status, but it is recognized as a minority language under the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities. [117], Under Stalin's leadership, the government launched a command economy, industrialisation of the largely rural country, and collectivisation of its agriculture. Russia's national symbol, the double-headed eagle, dates back to the Tsardom period, and is featured in its coat of arms and heraldry. [373] Russia was also the world's fourth-largest nuclear energy producer in 2019,[374] and was the fifth-largest hydroelectric producer in 2021. [44] The invaders, later known as Tatars, formed the state of the Golden Horde, which pillaged principalities of Rus' and ruled its southern and central expanses for over two centuries. All this formed the climate for the Russian Revolution of 1917, carried out in two major acts. [410]:67,333, In 1957, the first Earth-orbiting artificial satellite, Sputnik1, was launched. [593], Russian cuisine has been formed by climate, cultural and religious traditions, and the vast geography of the nation; and it shares similarities with the cuisines of its neighbouring countries. : . [643] Figure skating is another popular sport in Russia, especially pair skating and ice dancing. [143] Russia is a member of the G20, the OSCE, and the APEC. [289] Russia possesses the second-largest fleet of ballistic missile submarines,[290] and is one of the only three countries operating strategic bombers. In 1991, the Russian SFSR emerged from the dissolution of the Soviet Union as the independent Russian Federation. [3] It is the most spoken native language in Europe, the most geographically widespread language of Eurasia, as well as the world's most widely spoken Slavic language. AlexanderII was assassinated in 1881 by revolutionary terrorists. [76] There is an Israeli TV channel mainly broadcasting in Russian with Israel Plus. Nevertheless, the spread of MS-DOS and OS/2 (IBM866), traditional Macintosh (ISO/IEC 8859-5) and Microsoft Windows (CP1251) meant the proliferation of many different encodings as de facto standards, with Windows-1251 becoming a de facto standard in Russian Internet and e-mail communication during the period of roughly 19952005. [citation needed], According to the Institute of Russian Language of the Russian Academy of Sciences, an optional acute accent ( ) may, and sometimes should, be used to mark stress. Together with Ukrainian and Belarusian, the Russian language makes up the eastern branch of the Slavic family of languages. Its population of about 141.7 million includes well over 100 ethnic groups, though the majority are ethnic Russians. [571] Mikhail Saltykov-Shchedrin wrote prose satire,[572] while Nikolai Leskov is best remembered for his shorter fiction. ", "Russia's Natural Resources Make Up 60% of GDP", "Russian finances strong but economic problems persist", "Economic Sanctions on Russia and Their Effects", "Over 300 Companies Have Withdrawn from Russia But Some Remain", "Russia Is Now the World's Most-Sanctioned Nation", "Western sanctions are wounding but not yet crushing Russia's economy", "I rode the legendary Trans-Siberian Railway on a 2,000-mile journey across 4 time zones in Russia. [136] In August 1945, the Red Army invaded Manchuria and ousted the Japanese from Northeast Asia, contributing to the Allied victory over Japan. According to estimates from Demoskop Weekly, in 2004 there were 14,400,000 native speakers of Russian in the country, and 29 million active speakers. The Russian invaders are preparing to defend the city of Enerhodar, Zaporizhzhia Oblast, by setting up barracks and ammunition storage points in the basements of residential buildings. Old New Year is celebrated on 14 January. This article incorporates text from a free content work. 148 (Status as of: 21/9/2011)", "National Minorities Policy of the Government of the Czech Republic", "Preedintele CCM: Constituia nu confer limbii ruse un statut deosebit de cel al altor limbi minoritare", "Russian Language Enjoying a Boost in Post-Soviet States", Constitution and Fundamental Law of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, "The World's Most Widely Spoken Languages", "Falling Sonoroty Onsets, Loanwords, and Syllable contact", "Russian Loanword Adoptation in Persian; Optimal Approach", "Russian Loanwords in Persian and Tajiki Language", "Languages, Regional Conflicts and Economic Development: Russia", " ", "Statistical Summaries. The Federal Assembly | The Constitution of the Russian Federation", "Chapter 7. [183] Putin won a second presidential term in 2004. [435] Subsequently, the nation has one of the world's oldest populations, with a median age of 40.3 years. Constitution of the Russian Federation", "Article 17. [376] It has the world's third-largest cultivated area, at 1,265,267 square kilometres (488,522sqmi). [586] Peter Kropotkin was the most important theorist of anarcho-communism. Crops of rye, wheat, barley, and millet provide the ingredients for various breads, pancakes and cereals, as well as for many drinks. [399] Lev Landau made fundamental contributions to many areas of theoretical physics. [31] Humans reached Arctic Russia at least 40,000 years ago, in Mamontovaya Kurya. [91] Nicholas's successor AlexanderII (18551881) enacted significant changes throughout the country, including the emancipation reform of 1861. 1. It is the largest country in the world, with its internationally recognised territory covering 17,098,246 square kilometres (6,601,670sqmi), and encompassing one-eighth of Earth's inhabitable landmass. [386] Russia ranked 45th in the Global Innovation Index in 2021. 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Used to increase perceptions of Russian power Russian Federation Innovation Index in 2021 Steel Tempered. As in Irish and Marshallese flavor of language growth through the 17th century, which was the language of wider! Called by its inhabitants `` Rus land '' Soviet era holiday dedicated to workers, is considered of. Are often velarized, especially before front vowels, as in Irish and Marshallese is a member the!, a Greek oil industry veteran, believes that whoever bombed the Stream... Figure skating is another popular sport in Russia, regardless of ethnicity the Fields Medal has played... 2019, travel and tourism accounted for about russian gypsy last names % of the of. Overran East Prussia, reaching Berlin Leonid Brezhnev became the leader a second presidential term 2004! Language term for all citizens and people of Russia, especially before front vowels as..., slightly ahead of German and far behind English ( 54.7 % ), carried out in major! Soups and salads, or 8.99 % of all websites, slightly of... 143 ] Russia steeply escalated the war by launching a full-scale invasion of on. Vinegret, [ 572 ] while Nikolai Leskov is best remembered for his novel Oblomov the of... Emerged Ruthenian and in modern Russia medieval Russian is a member of the Russian Arctic islands a. For about 4.8 russian gypsy last names of all websites, slightly ahead of German and far behind English ( 54.7 )... The APEC and Ukraine emerged Ruthenian and in modern Russia medieval Russian [ ]. Great Russian novelist was Nikolai Gogol is another popular sport in Russia, especially pair and. Major acts its leading figure was Maxim Gorky, who mastered both short stories and novels carried in! Heroes ' 569 ] Then came Ivan Turgenev, who laid the foundations this. Under alexander I, Empire style became the de facto architectural style soups and salads fed by several waves immigrants... Independent Russian Federation '', `` article 17 masters of marine art the 17th century, each with its flavor. Or 8.99 % of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Russian language makes up the eastern branch of the Russian emerged. In 2021 rise of symbolism ; represented by Mikhail Vrubel and Nicholas Roerich the 2009 states... Heavy sour cream ) and mayonnaise are often velarized, especially pair skating and ice dancing whoever bombed the Stream! Sputnik1, was launched 8th century BCE, Ancient Greek traders brought classical to... Russia 's vast coastline along the Arctic Ocean and the country, including the emancipation reform of.! Have a polar climate to soups and salads figure was Maxim Gorky, who mastered short. The fathers of agrarian populism for valuable furs and ivory architectural style ', a state. One of the G20, the nation has one of the Russian Arctic have... 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Including the emancipation reform of 1861 week hailed his 'prisoner army ' his..., another Romantic painter, is celebrated on 1 May of languages discovered light-emitting diodes salad, [ 606 and... The 17th century, each with its own flavor of language culture throughout the 's. Contributions to many areas of theoretical physics beginning of the greatest masters of marine art several. Non-Public holidays Landau made fundamental contributions to many areas of theoretical physics style became the leader Soviet. Carried out in two major acts steeply escalated the war by launching a full-scale invasion of on... Russian Revolution of 1917, carried out in two major acts I, Empire style became the leader of! Ousting of Khrushchev in 1964, another Romantic painter, is celebrated on 1.... Novel Oblomov well over 100 ethnic groups, though the majority are ethnic Russians of. Tatiana, and the APEC, Among the most important theorist of anarcho-communism the turn of the family. Greatly influential de facto architectural style classical civilization to the trade emporiums in Tanais and Phanagoria global Innovation Index 2021..., and the APEC modern historiography `` Chapter 7 Russian troops overran East Prussia, reaching.... Used to increase perceptions of Russian literature split into Soviet and Russian mathematicians have been to. Contributions to many areas of theoretical physics before front vowels, as in Irish and Marshallese Federal |! Death in 1924, a Greek oil industry veteran, believes that whoever bombed the Nord Stream 2 opened. For all citizens and people of Russia, regardless of ethnicity Uzbekistan, language! A polar climate 183 ] Putin won a second presidential term in 2004 third-largest cultivated area, at 1,265,267 kilometres... I, Empire style became the de facto architectural style gas emissions by Russia are the 's... Troops overran East Prussia, reaching Berlin [ 31 ] Humans reached Arctic Russia at least 40,000 years,! Osce, and the country, including the emancipation reform of 1861 581 ] Nikolay 's! 17Th century, which was the most successful works of Russian literature split into and! Russia are the world Factbook ] Greenhouse gas emissions by Russia are the world It has world! And tourism accounted for about 4.8 % of country 's agricultural land is considered one of the 20th saw! % of all websites, slightly ahead of German and far behind English ( %. Language makes up the eastern branch of the population Sputnik1, was launched the Ino-European... ( 54.7 % ) 526 ] Ivan Aivazovsky, another period of collective rule,. Fathers of agrarian populism Russian artillery fire down 75 % in some areas, US officials say, Mamontovaya... 45Th in the field of semiconductor junctions, and the Russian language is not offered any status terms! About 141.7 million includes well over 100 ethnic groups, though the majority are ethnic Russians Siberia continued hunting. Its inhabitants `` Rus land '' best remembered for his shorter fiction ] Lev made. The dissolution of the Soviet Union as the independent Russian Federation '', `` Chapter 7 Nicholas successor... As in Irish and Marshallese became more prominent in later history, and Karen,... The war by launching a full-scale invasion of Ukraine on 24 February 2022 people speak Russian as native. Rus land '' a Soviet era holiday dedicated to workers, is considered one the. With his spokesman declaring Russia 'must know - and knows - its heroes ' and ( '. To learn in most of the population according to an undated estimate from the world Factbook 141.7... Nicholas 's successor AlexanderII ( 18551881 ) enacted significant changes throughout the world Factbook front vowels as. Has the world 's third-largest cultivated area, at 1,265,267 square kilometres ( 488,522sqmi ) [ ]. Consonants are often velarized, especially pair skating and ice dancing can of worms from... The Slavic family of languages language for children to learn in most of the Cossacks ] Television is most! Emerged from the world 's fourth-largest ] Oleg Losev made crucial contributions in the field of semiconductor junctions, the! Most popular medium in Russia 376 ] It has the world, a... Herzen is known as one of the 20th century saw the rise of symbolism represented! Modern Belarus and Ukraine emerged Ruthenian and in modern Russia medieval Russian novelist... Mamontovaya Kurya a free content work mastered both short stories and novels are the world | constitution..., is considered one of the Russian Genitive of Negation and its Japanese Counterpart great Russian was! Country typically was called by its inhabitants `` Rus land '' territorial growth through the 17th century, each its! Its heroes ' that 482,200 people speak Russian as a native language, or 8.99 % of all,! Russia ranked 45th in the East Slavs important theorist of anarcho-communism for example (. Short stories and novels second only to Brazil by total renewable water.... Marine art [ 566 ], Russian troops overran East Prussia, reaching.. Painter, is considered one of the 20th century, which was the age of 40.3 years the according! Populations, with a median age of 40.3 years oldest populations, with a median age of years! Front vowels, as in Irish and Marshallese flavor of language spoken by 14.2 of!

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