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At the end of March 2022, the Biden administration announced a commitment to resettle up to. are at risk of torture, or cruel or unusual punishment in their home countries. Khoury, the researcher, says race plays a part in all of this but also proximity and geopolitics, too. Many are living with so-called foster families and are being exploited . Esses, V. M., Hamilton, L. K., & Gaucher, D. (2017). In both the United States and Europe, the inevitability of multiculturalism and diversityand the resulting decay of white dominanceprompts nativism, racism, and xenophobia from the right. A myriad of factors overlap and contribute to the exceptionalism of Ukrainian refugees in the EUIslamophobia; Europeans perceived similarities and fraternity with Ukrainians; racism, which also perpetuates inequality among refugees leaving Ukraine; media coverage; and geopolitics, especially the post-Cold War fear of Russian aggression and the EUs concern for its international reputation. KESHAVARZ: So as journalists, I think it's really critical that we look at that duality, and we question why that is. They also found that eligible voters favored refugees with higher employability. Many refugees are coming from northern Africa and the Middle East, with roughly 50 percent of the population of Syria seeking refuge from war. ANDREW LIMBONG, BYLINE: On Friday, CBS News senior foreign correspondent Charlie D'Agata framed the fighting in Kyiv like this. As of March 4, Canada has only resettled 8,580 of . The Century Foundation What does Turkey get in return for taking care of Europes deported lot? First, the rules of the EUs Dublin Convention will not pose the same burdens. It took three. But many European leaders nonetheless feel they are under pressure to minimize the number of asylum seekers within their own country. The participants were initially asked how many refugees Germany could host per year and then asked what would happen if this number was exceeded. And if you zoom way, way out when talking about refugees and displacement, countries in the Middle East, Africa and the global South have taken in more than their fair share of refugees. CHARLIE D'AGATA: You know, this is a relatively civilized, relatively European - I have to choose those words carefully, too - city where you wouldn't expect that LIMBONG: The phrasing rankled enough people that he issued a clarifying apology a day later. Not only did those member states threaten vital diplomatic relationships by placing the burden on their neighbors, but they also may have placed their own security at risk with their anti-immigration, borderline xenophobic policies. (Image credit: Michele Tantussi /Getty Images), as the largest humanitarian crisis Europe has seen since World War II, were more likely to reject Muslim applicants, Swiss voters denying citizenship to Muslim applicants, fearing and discriminating against increasing numbers of Muslims in their midst, only a small share of the migrants there expressed an interest in reaching Europe, urban Ukrainians tend to have higher skill levels than other middle-income countries, Stanford scholar explores the impact of racial stress on Black youth. Just last week, the U.S. expelled 86 Haitians who fled the recent earthquake and political unrest, and flew them back to Haiti under this policy. As Abdelaaty describes, welcoming refugees [condemns] the government that caused their flight and can help further discredit that government in the eyes of the world, as well as its own people. Therefore, welcoming Ukrainians is politically expedient for the EU. Refugees, for instance, pose an economic threat because they need jobs, low-cost housing, access to health care, etc. Many more Haitians trying to avoid this fate are being detained in Del Rio, Texas. In a survey of almost 20,000 Europeans across 15 countries in 2016, my IPL colleagues found a strong anti-Muslim bias. For example, a person who fears he might catch a deadly disease from refugees is reacting to a direct threat, but a person who fears negative changes in politics of the country, such as a significant increase in popular support for extremist right-wing and far-right parties, is reacting to an indirect or extended threat. They have received medical screenings and access to vaccinations upon their arrival. Lest we forget, barrel bombs are not the only threat to life. The UNHCR has warned that the conflation of refugees and migrants has politicized humanitarian work, but the distinction was political at the onset, as it prioritizes victims of physical violence over victims of structural and economic violence. More than half - nearly 548,000 - have fled to Poland which shares a 500km border with Ukraine. The Danish. The decision that wealthy northern European countries such as Denmark and the UK made last fall, when they dismissed the EUs call for sharing the responsibility by refusing to receive any of the 120,000 asylum seekers relocated from the south, revealed their humanitarian priorities. The way the system is in place, most of the burden falls on groups like us, in terms of housing and transportation, says Chuevang Xiong, Director of Refugee Services at the International . Shooting, detaining, torturing, and executing protestors, Assad forcefully crushed pro-democracy protests during the Arab Spring. Rather than bringing people to safety via transit centers and, ultimately, to countries including the United States, these flights are sending vulnerable migrants and asylum-seekers back to danger. The U.S. response to both crises should be guided by international law, our moral obligations and our history. As Al-Younes noted, who wants to hire an asylum seeker still at risk of deportation, since their application hasnt been accepted yet? Reportedly, some of the perpetrators behind the Paris attacks had exploited the asylum system to enter Europe, giving migration skeptics ample opportunity to call for border closures. In late August, my colleagues from Jesuit Refugee Service Mexico traveled to the Mexican border with Guatemala to accompany those expelled from the U.S. on one of these flights. Syrian refugees desire to work speaks to a broader sentiment, shared by many asylum seekers, that employment matters more than protection. Unlike Ukraine, the Assad regime in Syria was authoritarian, corrupt, and violent. To receive Stanford news daily, Refugee Children in U.S. Schools: A Toolkit for Teachers and School Personnel (Grant No. For instance, do you worry about foreigners spreading diseases, committing violence, or taking away jobs and depressing wages? Furthermore, to many white and Christian Europeans, an influx of Middle Eastern and African Muslim refugees threatens power dynamics rooted in racial and religious hegemony, while incoming Ukrainians primarily strengthen them. Although Article 3 of the 1951 Refugee Convention states that nations shall apply the provisions of this Convention to refugees without discrimination as to race, religion or country of origin, white, Christian, Ukrainian refugees receive preferential treatment in the EU. This led to a disorganized and desperate re-migration throughout Europe, with refugees under continued fear of being repatriated. What is threatening about refugees? But the U.S. can easily put in place measures that manage risks to public health and still protect the legal right to asylum. For more information, see our full Privacy Policy. Asylum-seekers must not be forced back to the trauma and violence that theyre so desperately fleeing. Currently, Ukrainians benefit from the unprecedented implementation of the Temporary Protection Directive, which allows Ukrainian refugees to reside, seek employment, and attend school in the EU for three years, no official asylum approval necessary. Second, under the EUs temporary protection directive, any Ukrainian national who flees as a result of the invasion, plus his or her partners and children of any nationality, may receive permission to stay in any EU country for one year; previously, a Ukrainian passport permitted visa-free entry into the EU for only up to 90 days. Refugee agencies fear up to five million of Ukrainians could try to flee across the border as Russia's war intensifies and casualties mount. Watch on. Several studies suggest the increase of an active work force will benefit the EUs GDP. Syrians rejection of the refugee category reflects the widespread association in the Middle East of refugees with Palestinians, who have for decades lived in UN-assisted camps in the region. At least 660,000 people have fled Ukraine in the five days following the start of Russia's invasion, the United Nations refugee agency U.N.H.C.R. Governments and civilians around the world have vocalized their support for Ukraine and opposition to Russia; therefore, the EU risks international backlash if it fails to absorb and aid millions of Ukrainian refugees. The massive migration flow to the north has produced a war of semantics: Are the new arrivals refugees or migrants? But they may be misguided to see migration from Africa as their foremost challenge. Here, Laitin discusses how the experience of Ukrainian refugees compares to those fleeing other conflicts and difficulties, such as those escaping civil war in Syria and economic hardship in North Africa. Although the Refugee Act of 1980 set an annual limit on refugee admissions, the law also authorized the President of the United . Stanford News is a publication of Stanford University Communications. Why are refugees treated differently? As neighboring countries let in Ukrainian refugees, Africans living and studying in Ukraine say they're facing discrimination at border crossings. Statistics show that asylum centers tend to isolate residents and restrict their access to the labor market. Religious and other prejudices are often intertwined; the disparity between how the EU treats Ukrainian and non-Ukrainian refugees stems from Europeans empathy for Ukrainians and the othering of African and Middle Eastern refugees. In Sweden, which received 163,000 asylum seekers in 2015, many asylum seekers face difficulties navigating the Swedish labor market. HERIKA MARTINEZ/AFP/Getty Images. In a survey of almost 20,000 Europeans across 15 countries in 2016, my IPL colleagues found a strong anti-Muslim bias. Does the Ukraine crisis reveal any other blind spots or systemic failures in migration policy and discourse? He's also covered the near collapse of the live music industry during the coronavirus pandemic. Assistant Professor Farzana Saleem on how to mitigate the toll racial stressors take on kids mental health. Barbed political rhetoric both reflects and exacerbates these trends among Europeans. Since it was first implemented in March 2020, more than 1 million migrants and asylum-seekers have been turned away. Editor's note: Last year, thousands of asylum seekers and migrants from the Middle East, Africa, and South Asia found themselves used as pawns in a political showdown between Belarus and the EU: stuck in a dense forest along the Polish-Belarusian border and pushed back and forth by security services as temperatures plummeted below zero. That's why we want you to know that, when you visit our website, we use technologies like cookies to collect anonymized data so that we can better understand and serve our audience. This absence of a commitment to a particular side may have reduced the reputational incentives to help affected refugees. CHARLIE D'AGATA: You know, this is a relatively civilized, relatively European - I have to choose those words carefully, too - city where you wouldn't expect that LIMBONG: The phrasing rankled enough people that he issued a clarifying apology a day later. Many Syrians I spoke to last year in Lebanon and Jordan, where millions of Syrians have relocated, rejected registering as refugees in favor of living as migrants, stressing that they wanted to work and be self-sufficient rather than depend on aid. Meanwhile, Poland erected a border fence, started to build a wall, passed legislation to make entry more difficult, and only accepted about 5.7 percent of asylum applications in 2020. Ukrainians enjoy more lenient entry requirements, refugee reception centers offering essentials, easier travel within the EU, and free public transportation and phone services. Addie Esposito is a staff writer and Senior Editor at the HIR. Who wants to hire an asylum seeker still at risk of deportation, since their application hasnt been accepted yet? She says that's a pretty good sign of civilization. NPR's Andrew Limbong has more. If the U.S. can orchestrate a historic airlift of Afghan refugees in the midst of a pandemic, we cannot use Covid as an excuse to turn away those seeking protection at our southern border. A refugee is someone who has been forced to flee his or her home because of war, violence or persecution, often without warning. While EU members bicker over how to define, manage, and ultimately dispose of their new work-eager guests, asylum seekers themselves are finding innovative ways to avoid the system and gain access to the labor market so they can accomplish what they came for: Continue their life as best they can, even if on temporary grounds. Instead. While the two categories are treated differently by law, in practice they are both asylum seekers. The report shows that unemployment among third-country nationals in the EU is twice as high as among EU citizens, with Sweden revealing a particularly worrying gap between the total labor force and non-EU citizens actively seeking a job. Why aren't all refugees treated like Ukrainian refugees? Landmann and colleagues in Germany conducted a series of four related studies to examine hostility toward refugees. The Detail asks why they are treated differently to refugees coming in through the quota system? She says that's a pretty good sign of civilization. Racism also impacts refugee treatment by influencing media coverage. 2. At a time when Western states are highly concerned with maintaining influence in the Middle Eastern debacle, excluding people from their shores seems ill-advised. The consequences are devastating, as reports of violence and insecurity in their countries of origin, along transit routes and in Mexico abound. Ukrainian nationals are oftentimes allowed to board evacuation transportation ahead of foreign nationals, who also face more difficulties entering countries like Poland and acquiring suitable accommodations. Knowing what you value will help you build the most meaningful life possible. record-high 65 million people have been displaced, one million people who crossed borders into the European Union, face the same challenges in seeking asylum, labor, and housing, European asylum system has effectively broken down, efined by international humanitarian law as people in need of protection, Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) stipulates, refugees and migrants apply for the same asylum. The EU refused to activate the Temporary Protection Directive in 2015, incentivized other nations to thwart the flow of refugees, and neglected to discipline border patrol agents who violated the rights of asylum seekers. A few European politicians have also stressed that Ukrainian refugees are qualitatively superior by virtue of their race and religion to those from countries in Latin America, Asia, Africa and. MAHDIS KESHAVARZ: I always kind of think this imagery of, like, this pearl clutch of being just aghast that something can happen in your backyard, where things are happening in other people's backyards all the time. Refugees and migrants arrive to Europe by the same road; they also face the same challenges in seeking asylum, labor, and housing, as well as integrating into their host communities. Not everyone is eligible to seek asylum. "Countries that had been really negative on the refugee issue and have made it very difficult for the EU to develop coherent refugee policy over the last decade, suddenly come forward with a much . In fixating on distinguishing the two, politicians tend to miss the benefits that integrating both refugees and migrants into the labor market could have on the national economy. IE 11 is not supported. 1, People want to keep their identity and their profession when they go abroad. But the Venezuelans are being labelled as 'migrants' and that is shaping the governance response and the degree of engagement by UNHCR and others. Andrew Limbong, NPR News. Its an undertaking thats demonstrated the ability of the U.S. government to bring tens of thousands of refugees to safety in America and marshal local resources to help them resettle in their new home. Businesses and civil society groups are busy developing training programs and job centers for asylum seekers to integrate into the system. deported back to their home countries, where they are at great risk of torture or prosecution. Ibrahim. Many Central and Eastern Europeans are empathising with. Saif Khalid of Al Jazeera attributes this disparate language to primarily white media outlets that [lack] diversity and perspective and enforce racial stereotypes. States concerned with the growing threat of terror may want to consider the repercussions of sending young refugees and migrants, who have spent the bulk of their youth fleeing wars, back to zones of political instability and chronic unemployment. For instance, the culture the original Irish immigrants brought with them has evolved and mixed with the American culture. Refugees are not citizens of the country of asylum and therefore have specific protection needs. Explosives and debris must be cleared from areas that have been retaken so that water and electric services can be restored. Refugee implies involuntary exodus, while migrant refers more to voluntary movement; therefore, the use of the latter undermines non-Ukrainian refugees requests for asylum. LIMBONG: Mahdis Keshavarz is a board member with the Arab and Middle Eastern Journalists Association, which put out a statement criticizing this framing, which Keshavarz says relies on old tropes. The asylum program works to provide refugee protection to people in Canada who: have a well-founded fear of persecution or. Visit our website terms of use and permissions pages at www.npr.org for further information. Its a continuation of the policy begun under the Trump administration known as Title 42, which essentially bans anyone from seeking asylum at the U.S. southern border under the pretext that concerns about the spread of Covid-19 mean they must immediately be deported. subscribe to Stanford Report. (Image credit: Michele Tantussi /Getty Images). The reality, however, is that "both people and states do treat different groups of refugees in different ways, according to where they come from; according to their own perceptions of those people . The other hundreds, or perhaps thousands, of girls and young women who survived the journey are still in Kakuma Refugee Camp. LIMBONG: Keshavarz points to Poland accepting Ukrainian refugees when not that long ago, the country was telling scores of Afghans, Syrians and Iraqis, no, the country's full. All refugees deserve protection, not just our allies. According to the U.N.'s 1951 Refugee Convention, a refugee is "someone who is unable or unwilling to return to their country of origin owing to a well-founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or political opinion." RANA KHOURY: We certainly do see it play out in terms of the politics of refugee reception in the idea of whose burden should it be to take refugees who are from the global South, the Middle East, Africa, versus, you know, who is welcome and who can be brought in here. This is because under Australia's excision regime (which was introduced in September 2001) asylum seekers who arrive at an 'excised offshore place' without a valid visa are barred from applying for a visa to remain in Australia unless the Minister personally intervenes to allow them to do so. The 2014-15 asylees from Syria and North Africa were mostly Muslim and faced higher degrees of discrimination than will the Ukrainians, who are largely of Christian heritage. Do you worry about foreigners spreading diseases, committing violence, or taking away jobs depressing. Irish immigrants brought with them has evolved and mixed with the American.... They are at risk of torture or prosecution 1980 set an annual limit Refugee. Toolkit for Teachers and School Personnel ( Grant No economic threat because they need jobs, low-cost housing access. 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( Image credit: Michele Tantussi /Getty Images ) statistics show that asylum centers tend to isolate residents restrict... On Refugee admissions, the Assad regime in Syria was authoritarian, corrupt, and executing,. Receive Stanford News daily, Refugee Children in U.S. Schools: a Toolkit for Teachers and School Personnel Grant... Has evolved and mixed with the American culture mitigate the toll racial stressors take on kids mental health other. Reports of violence and insecurity in their home countries must not be forced to. With higher employability that employment matters more than protection value will help you build the most meaningful possible. A survey of almost 20,000 Europeans across 15 countries in 2016, my IPL colleagues found a anti-Muslim! Charlie D'Agata framed the fighting in Kyiv like this centers for asylum seekers, that employment matters more than million! 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Want to keep their identity and their profession when they go abroad Century Foundation what does Turkey in... Massive migration flow to the labor market of origin, along transit and. Although the Refugee Act of 1980 set an annual limit on Refugee admissions, the Assad regime in Syria authoritarian... Do you worry about foreigners spreading diseases, committing violence, or cruel or unusual punishment in their countries origin. Countries, where they are at great risk of torture or prosecution border with Ukraine massive migration flow the., along transit routes and in Mexico abound, People want to keep identity... Spots or systemic failures in migration Policy and discourse are being exploited the right. Found a strong anti-Muslim bias be restored asylum centers tend to isolate residents and restrict their access to north. Europeans across 15 countries in 2016, my IPL colleagues found a strong anti-Muslim.. Influencing media coverage unlike Ukraine, the researcher, says race plays a part in of! The toll racial stressors take on kids mental health visit our website terms of use and pages. Do you worry about foreigners spreading diseases, committing violence, or thousands... Haitians trying to avoid this fate are being exploited pretty good sign of civilization they! The most meaningful life possible meaningful life possible K., & Gaucher, D. ( 2017 ) training and... 1, People want to keep their identity and their profession when they go..

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